Create a Secure, Password-Protected "File Vault" in Windows 11

 

Create a Secure, Password-Protected "File Vault": Windows 11 Pro & Enterprise

Are you looking for a way to keep your sensitive files hidden from prying eyes? Whether it's financial documents, personal photos, or top-secret projects, sometimes you just need a locked folder.

If you are running Windows 11 Pro or Enterprise, you are in luck! You don't need to download any sketchy third-party software. Instead, you can use built-in Windows tools to create a BitLocker-encrypted Virtual Hard Disk (VHDX).

Think of this as a secure digital "file vault" that lives on your computer. When you need it, you enter a password to open it. When you're done, you lock it up, and your files completely disappear from view.

Here's exactly how to set it all up!

Complete Tailscale Guide; Setup, Deployment, and Hardening

The Complete Tailscale Guide:
Setup, Deployment, and Hardening

If you've ever wrestled with port forwarding, dynamic DNS, or a clunky traditional VPN just to reach a device at home or a server at work, Tailscale is about to change your life. It creates a private mesh network (called a tailnet) across all your devices, wherever they are, with no open ports and no complex firewall rules. It just works.

This guide covers everything: creating and securing your account, installing Tailscale on Windows, Linux, virtual machines, and Docker containers, and hardening your tailnet so it's both maximally secure and actually pleasant to use.

Unifi Cloud Gateway WAN2 Failover Setup

Here is a complete, step-by-step guide for setting up a dual-WAN failover on a UniFi Cloud Gateway (UCG) Max or Ultra network controller!

Your Router Might Be Lying to You:
The Quiet Rise of DNS Hijacking

Over the last six months, I've been seeing more and more DNS hijack infections on routers, switches, and servers. It's a genuinely clever tactic, and it's worth understanding why: the attacker only needs to briefly gain access and very lightly maintain it. Once they've rerouted your DNS to a server they control, they can quietly sit in the middle of your traffic and analyze your traffic packets, harvest credentials, the works.

This isn't theoretical, and it isn't rare. 

My own server and three customer servers have been hit by this class of attack in the last 3 months. I'm writing this to bring some attention to what's going on, explain how these attacks actually work, and (most importantly) show you how to defend your equipment and check whether it's already been hit, without needing to be a network engineer.

Cybersecurity & IT/Networking Apps - iOS

Cybersecurity, Networking & IT Related Apps; That I Actually Use (*For iOS)

I recently put together a list of the Android apps that have actually earned a spot on my phone after 20+ years running Pacific Northwest Computers. I got enough questions about "what about iPhone?" that it's worth doing a proper companion piece.

Cybersecurity & IT/Networking Apps - Android

Cybersecurity, Networking & IT Related Apps; That I Actually Use (*For Android)

After 20+ years running Pacific Northwest Computers, I've installed, uninstalled, and re-installed a lot of "must have" Android apps. Most of what gets marketed as a "hacker toolkit" on the Play Store is either abandoned, repackaged, or outright malicious. So I figured I'd share the apps that have actually earned a spot on my phone for use all of the time, or just if/as needed. Nonetheless, these are the ones I can and do reach for during client visits, network troubleshooting, and security work.

This isn't a sponsored list. 

These are the tools I use, or have used.

Deploy Nextcloud on TrueNAS SCALE; Behind NPMplus SSL Proxy

 

Deploy Nextcloud on TrueNAS SCALE

Behind a NPMplus SSL Proxy

Nextcloud is consistently one of the most-installed apps on TrueNAS SCALE, but the official app catalog ships with a few defaults and quirks that can send a fresh install sideways; especially if you're putting it behind a reverse proxy like NPMplus. The good news is that once you know which boxes to tick (and which to leave alone), the whole stack comes up clean and stays up.

This guide walks through the exact sequence I used to deploy Nextcloud on TrueNAS SCALE Community Edition with NPMplus handling SSL and reverse proxying, with all the working settings with no detours, no "try this and see if it works" steps, and no recovery sections you'll only need if something breaks.

Project N.O.M.A.D.: Your Offline AI Survival Kit

 

Project N.O.M.A.D.: Your Offline AI Survival Kit (And How to Actually Get It Running)

If you've been following the homelab and self-hosted AI scene, you've probably heard of Project N.O.M.A.D. which is short for Networked Offline Machine for Autonomous Data. It's an impressive all-in-one offline-first AI platform built by Crosstalk Solutions, designed to give you a full AI assistant, knowledge base, and document processing engine that works even when the internet doesn't. Think Wikipedia mirrors, Stack Exchange snapshots, medical references, and a fully local LLM; all in a Docker stack you run on your own hardware.

This post covers what NOMAD is, how to install it, how to get it behind a reverse proxy with authentication, and (for those of you with AMD Ryzen mini PCs) how to unlock GPU acceleration so your AI assistant actually runs at a useful speed.

The Fragile State of Modern Tech:

Where Accountability Goes to Die

So... I need to rant about a few things.

Technology today is the most powerful and accessible it has ever been... and yet somehow, also the most unreliable I can remember. We have more computing power, more tools, and more connectivity than ever, yet reliability and accountability feel like they are going backwards. 

At some point, “good enough” stopped being good enough.

We’ve reached a stage where almost everything is “easy” to use on the surface, but underneath, it’s held together with layers of complexity that break in ways that don't make sense anymore. Updates fix one thing and quietly break three others. Features get pushed out half-baked. 

Stability has become an afterthought.

How To Setup a Desktop PC as a Server

Desktop PC as a Server:

The Ultimate Setup Guide (Windows 10/11)

Applies to: Windows 10 Pro / Windows 11 Pro (22H2 and later)

The purpose of this guide is to help folks with configuring a standard desktop computer to reliably serve files, printers, and business applications (QuickBooks, Sage, etc.) without downtime or performance lag.

UniFi Console Migration Guide:

Dream Machine Upgrade or Migration: Including Cloud Account Claiming, Cellular WAN Failover, SSH Credential Capture & Orphaned Device Recovery

This guide covers migrating all adopted UniFi devices (APs, switches, cameras) from a Dream Machine (UDM) to a Dream Machine Pro (UDM-Pro) with minimal disruption. It assumes you are replacing the UDM entirely and the UDM-Pro will take the same network role.

This guide has been updated with real-world field experience from an actual UDM → UDM-Pro migration, including the cloud account claiming procedure, Mesh AP tweaks required post-restore, and cellular WAN failover configuration using a designated LAN port as WAN3.

A Professional Guide For Responding to a Network Breach, System Breach, or Hack

Digital First Aid:

A Professional Guide For Responding to a Network or System Breach, and/or Hack

Discovering a security breach is a high-stakes race against time. Whether you are a home user or a business owner, your response in the first few hours determines whether the attacker is evicted or stays for the long haul.

SSD Reliability: Significant Concerns & Failure Risks

SSD Reliability:
Significant Concerns & Failure Risks

Recent data from 2025-2026 highlights a troubling decline in SSD reliability, driven by firmware-level defects and OS instability. For those accustomed to the historical resilience of flash storage, the current landscape requires a shift in strategy. Our internal data shows 5 client failures in the last 30 day; drives that were operational one day, and the next are DEAD and data is unrecoverable. 

Reported symptoms include spontaneous volume dismounting and critical failure during sustained write operations, and in some cases even issues with Windows Update installations, rendering the hardware entirely unreadable. 

This article's objective is to go over the current issue(s) trends we are noticing and things you can do to protect your data and information; JUST incase your SSD decides to call it quits!

Enabling Medium-High Security Settings in IE on Windows Server 2025

If you are setting up a new environment on Windows Server 2025, you might have run into a frustrating issue: you try to adjust your Internet Explorer (IE) security zones, only to find the "Medium-High" setting is completely missing or the slider is grayed out.

This happens because Windows Server ships with Internet Explorer Enhanced Security Configuration (IE ESC) enabled by default. This feature forces the browser into a high-security lockdown mode, preventing you from selecting lower security levels like "Medium-High" or "Medium."

In this article, I’ll walk you through the four methods to resolve this issue, ranging from the standard Server Manager fix to advanced registry edits.

The Manual Every Computer User Should Read

We’ve all been there... 

The screen freezes. 

The printer won’t connect. 

A suspicious email pops up in your inbox, and you aren't sure if you should click it. 

For most people, computers are essential tools, but they are also sources of endless frustration and anxiety.

After 20+ years of professional experience in IT, I realized that while technology changes, the fundamental skills users need to stay safe and efficient rarely do. I wanted to create a comprehensive, practical guide that bridges the gap between "technical jargon" and "what do I actually click?"

The Computer Handbook

*Updated 2-16-2026 to fix hyperlink issues!

New Computer Migration & Setup: How-To Guide

Setting Up Your New Computer:
A Complete Migration Guide

Getting a new computer is exciting, but the transition from your old system to the new one requires careful planning to ensure nothing important gets left behind. These principles apply universally, regardless of your hardware path: whether you are performing a standard upgrade (PC to PC, Mac to Mac) or switching operating systems entirely (PC to Mac or Mac to PC). Whether you're upgrading at home or replacing workstations at your business, proper preparation can mean the difference between a smooth, stress-free experience and hours of frustration tracking down missing files and forgotten passwords.

This guide will walk you through everything you need to know before, during, and after a computer migration. There are several things you can do ahead of time to make the process faster and more successful; with less surprises!

For Mac/Apple Computer Time Machine Migrations, Click Here!

The Best Way to Transfer Data to a New Mac (Time Machine Guide)

The Cleanest Way to Migrate to
a New Mac Computer

Getting a new Mac is exciting, but the thought of moving all your files, passwords, and specific settings can be daunting. Over the years, I’ve found that one method stands out as the absolute best way to transfer your digital life: Apple’s Time Machine backup combined with Migration Assistant.

The Invisible Carbon Footprint: Top 10 "Greener" Cloud Storage Providers (with NAS Backup)

The Invisible Carbon Footprint: Cloud Storage

If you are serious about data protection, you likely follow the "3-2-1 Backup Rule": three copies of data, two different media, and one offsite. That "offsite" copy is the lifesaver; whether it’s a mirror of your Synology NAS or a full-system image of your workstation. But while your local hardware sits quietly on a shelf sipping 20 watts of power, the cloud datacenter holding those system archives is a different story.

Data centers currently consume an estimated 1-2% of global electricity, a number expected to rise sharply with the AI boom. As IT enthusiasts, system builders, and data hoarders, we have a responsibility to ask: Where are my system backups actually living, and how are they being kept cool?

Finding a "green" provider isn’t just about believing a leaf icon on a homepage. It’s about finding a balance between technical compatibility (S3, WebDAV, rclone) and verifiable sustainability (PUE metrics, water usage, and renewable sourcing). Here are the top 10 cloud storage options that balance robust system and NAS backup needs with environmental responsibility.

QuickBooks Error 3371 Cause, Fix & Prevention

How to Fix QuickBooks Error 3371:

When Repairs Don’t Work

QuickBooks Error 3371, “Could not initialize license properties” is one of the most frustrating QuickBooks errors because standard fixes often fail. Repair installs, reinstall tools, and even Intuit’s own troubleshooters may do nothing.

This article documents a real-world failure mode we see in IT support and some fixes that actually work.

Switch Windows Server Editions Using DISM; Windows Server Activation

Switch Windows Server Editions via DISM

Sometimes you need to change your Windows Server edition; maybe you installed Datacenter but only have a Standard license, or you're migrating licensing models. Here's how to do it in-place without a full reinstall.

Installing Remote Desktop Services on Windows Server 2025 (Workgroup; No Domain)

Installing Supported Remote Desktop Services, on a Workgroup Server (No Domain)

Microsoft’s official stance is that Remote Desktop Services (RDS) generally requires an Active Directory Domain. However, for small environments, standalone servers, or specific test cases, you can set up a Workgroup RDS Deployment.

This guide covers how to install the RDS roles manually, configure licensing without a domain controller, and strictly manage local user access.

⚠ Important Warning: This guide focuses on a Workgroup setup. If you require strict Per-User CAL enforcement or advanced features like RD Gateway, a Domain environment is the only fully supported path.

Spilled Liquid on A Device: Your Emergency Step-by-Step Survival Guide

Spill Emergencies:

How to Save Your Laptop & Electronics

Whether it’s a splash of water on your smartphone or a full cup of coffee dumped into your laptop keyboard, liquid is the #1 enemy of electronics. When moisture meets electricity, you are in a race against short-circuits and corrosion.

If you’ve just had a spill, don't panic. Follow this step-by-step guide to give your device the best chance of survival.

ScamorHack.com

In today’s digital world, it’s no longer a matter of if you’ll encounter a scam. 

It’s a matter of when.

Whether it’s a terrifying pop-up telling you your computer is "infected," a suspicious charge on your credit card, or the realization that you’ve been locked out of your Facebook or email account, the feeling is the same: panic.

At PNW Computers, we see these situations every day. We know how overwhelming it is to navigate the "what now?" phase of a security breach. 

That is exactly why we created our new resource site: 

www.scamorhack.com